La Fundación 2020 denunció que el Fondo de Apoyo a la Educación Pública de Calidad no ha sido ejecutado por el Ministerio de Educación, a poco más de un mes de que se termine el año. Se trata de 175 millones de dólares destinados específicamente a las escuelas y liceos municipales con menos estudiantes matriculados, con menores puntajes en las pruebas SIMCE y con mayor déficit de presupuesto.
Diario Uchile |
El tema crítico es que este Fondo de Apoyo a la Educación Pública de Calidad fue aprobado el año pasado por el Congreso, como condición para aprobar todo el presupuesto del Ministerio de Educación que había pedido el Gobierno del Presidente Piñera. Pero la plata sigue acumulada en las arcas del Estado.
La razón de ser del Fondo era asistir a las escuelas y liceos municipales más debilitados, como una forma de intentar revertir su situación, porque sin este aporte, tendrían que cerrar. Lo anterior porque cuando se obtienen resultados negativos y desciende la cantidad de alumnos matriculados, el Estado va quitando financiamiento hasta que los establecimientos tienen que cerrar. La mirada histórica sirve para entender la relevancia de esto: En 1973, la matrícula pública de Chile alcanza al 80% de los estudiantes; en 1990 era de 60%; en 2010 (al comienzo del actual Gobierno) era de 43% y actualmente es de 36%, con tendencia a la baja.
El investigador del área de política educativa de la Fundación 2020, Manuel Sepúlveda, lamenta que el Gobierno esté incumpliendo la palabra que empeñó en el Congreso, y que ahora se aduzcan supuestos problemas administrativos para no entregar 175 millones de dólares.
“Una de las condiciones que se establecieron para poder aprobar el proyecto y que finalmente tuvo una ejecución de cero peso. Ninguno de los recursos aprobados por el Congreso fueron ejecutados, el argumento detrás que ha establecido el Gobierno es de temas burocráticos relacionados con Contraloría y cómo se ha tomado razón, sin embargo un acuerdo de esa importancia, que significan el apoyo fundamental para la educación pública, para evitar el cierre de los colegios, no puede quedar de lado”, afirma.
El especialista se explaya además sobre la función clave debía cumplir este Fondo de Apoyo.
“Este fondo lo que buscaba justamente era prestar un apoyo tanto financiero como en la administración de estos establecimientos. Este fondo, a diferencia de los aportes anteriores hacia la educación pública, focalizaba en aquellos colegios que estaban en mayor crisis y por eso uno puede suponer que con un apoyo de este tipo colegios que están cerrando no lo hubiesen hecho, porque el gran problema de los colegios que están en esta situación es la falta de financiamiento”, evidencia.
Por su parte, la Fundación La Fuente, que desarrolla políticas de apoyo a la lectura en educación básica, expresa, a través de su directora Verónica Abud, que esta situación responde a una visión ideológica del Gobierno, porque en los hechos la matrícula pública sigue derrumbándose.
“En el fondo, la actual administración del Ministerio de Educación considera que el rol del Estado es que el mercado regule lo que los padres quieren. Entonces, sienten que el rol del Estado no es apoyar a los colegios”, explica.
Según la experta, lo que busca el Gobierno es que más apoderados traspasen a sus hijos a colegios particulares subvencionados, los que, como sistema global, no son mejores que las escuelas y liceos municipales, pues cada año el 46% de los niños de cuarto básico no alcanzan las competencias mínimas de comprensión de lectura. Esto equivale a 100 mil niños y niñas.
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